Góc anh ngữ chuyên ngành
MỘT SỐ THUẬT NGỮ HAY DÙNG TRONG CHUYÊN NGÀNH SẢN – PHỤ KHOA (medical term for obstetrics)16/05/2017 04:30:38
MEDICAL TERM FOR OBSTETRICS
Obstetrics: sản khoa
Gynecology: phụ khoa( gyneco-: women)
Reproductive system: hệ sinh sản
FSH: follicle stimulating hormone: hormone kích thích nang trứng
LH: luteinizing hormone: hormone hoàng thể hóa
Sperm: tinh trùng
Ovum(plural: ova): trứng
Fertilization: sự thụ tinh
The Fallopian tube: vòi trứng
Infertility: vô sinh
IVF: in vitro fertilization: thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm
Menstrual cycle: chu kì kinh nguyệt
Erectile tissue of penis: mô cương của dương vật
Vas deferens: ống dẫn tinh
Testis: tinh hoàn
Epididymis: mào tinh
Bulbourethral gland: tuyến hành niệu đạo
Seminal vesicle: túi tinh
Endometrium: nội mạc tử cung
Corpus luteum: hòang thể
Placenta: nhau thai
Amnion: màng ối
Hymen: màng trinh
AFI: amniotic fluid index– chỉ số dịch ối
BPD: biparietal diameter– đường kính lưỡng đỉnh(tính trên siêu âm sản khoa)
CST: Contraction Stress Test hay ngắn gọn hơn gọi là stress test(ST)- nghiệm pháp co cơ(tử cung) gắng sức-> để bộc lộ những điểm yếu của thai nhi trong thai kì
NST: non- stress test-> nghiệm pháp không gây co thắt cơ tử cung
GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus: đái tháo đường thai kì
IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction: chậm phát triển trong tử cung
EFM: electronic fetal monitoring: điện thai
Gv. Tô Thị Liên
Sưu tầm _ Nguồn: TINALPHA LEARNING
Male anatomy |
Micrograph of bulbourethral gland. H&E stain. |
Urogenital sinus |
Artery of the urethral bulb |
Glandulae bulbourethrales |
D002030 |
A09.3.09.001 |
3659 |
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata] |
The bulbourethral glands or Cowper's glands (named for English anatomist William Cowper) are two small exocrine glands in the reproductive system of many male mammals (of all domesticated animals, they are absent only in dogs).[1] They are homologous to Bartholin's glands in females. The bulbouretheral glands are responsible for producing a pre-ejaculate fluid called Cowper's fluid (known colloquially as pre-ejaculate or pre-cum), which is secreted during sexual arousal, neutralizing the acidity of the urethra in preparation for the passage of sperm cells.[2]
Location[edit]
Bulbourethral glands are located posterior and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch. They are enclosed by transverse fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae muscle.
Structure[edit]
Dissection of prostate showing the bulbourethral glands within the fibers of the external urethral sphincter just underneath the prostate
The bulbourethral glands are compound tubulo-alveolar glands, each approximately the size of a pea in humans. In chimpanzees, they are not visible during dissection, but can be found on microscopic examination.[3] In boars, they are up to 18 cm long and 5 cm in diameter.[1] They are composed of several lobules held together by a fibrous covering. Each lobule consists of a number of acini, lined by columnar epithelial cells, opening into a duct that joins with the ducts of other lobules to form a single excretory duct. This duct is approximately 2.5 cm long and opens into the bulbar urethra at the base of the penis. The glands gradually diminish in size with advancing age.[4][unreliable source]
Function[edit]
Secretory fluid from the bulbourethral glands appearing on the glans of a human penis
The bulbourethral gland contributes up to 4 ml of fluid during sexual arousal.[5] The secretion is a clear fluid rich in mucoproteins that help to lubricate the distal urethra and neutralize acidic urine which remains in the urethra.
According to one preliminary study, the bulbourethral gland fluid might not contain any sperm,[6] whereas another study showed some men did leak sperm in potentially significant quantities (in a range from low counts up to 50 million sperm per ml) into the pre-ejaculatory fluid,[5] potentially leading to conception from the introduction of pre-ejaculate. However, the sperm source is a residual or pre-ejaculatory leak from the testicles into the vas deferens,[5] rather than from the bulbourethral gland itself.[6]
Gallery[edit]
Structure of the penis
Male pelvic organs seen from right side.
Vertical section of bladder, penis, and urethra.
Bulbourethral gland labeled at center left.
See also[edit]
- List of homologues of the human reproductive system
- Urethral gland
References[edit]
- ^ a b Mark McEntee (December 2, 2012). Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals. Elsevier Science. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-323-13804-8. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ^ "What is pre-ejaculatory fluid (also known as pre-cum), and can it cause pregnancy?". International Planned Parenthood Federation. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ Jeffrey H. Schwartz (1988). Orang-utan Biology. Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-504371-6. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
- ^ Gray's Anatomy, 38th ed., p 1861.
- ^ a b c Killick, S. R; Leary, C; Trussell, J; Guthrie, K. A (2010). "Sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid". Human Fertility. 14 (1): 48–52. doi:10.3109/14647273.2010.520798. PMC 3564677. PMID 21155689.
- ^ a b Zukerman, Z; Weiss, D. B; Orvieto, R (2003). "Short Communication: Does Preejaculatory Penile Secretion Originating from Cowper's Gland Contain Sperm?". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 20 (4): 157–159. doi:10.1023/A:1022933320700. PMC 3455634. PMID 12762415.