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Terms in this set (22)
PH surveillance def
ongoing, systematic collection, analysis + interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated w. timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control
PH surveillance goal
provide info that can be used for health action by ph personnel, gov leaders, + the public to guide public health policy + programs
ph surveillance policy
Right to PH surveillance granted by US constitution
CDC must be invited by a state before conducting ph surveillance
purpose of surveillance
Assess PH status
Define PH priorities
Evaluate programs
Stimulate research
types of surveillance systems
1. passive
2. active
3. sentinel
4.special
passive surveillance
Diseases are reported by health care providers
Case reports or laboratory reports are sent to local health department
Case reports are summarized + forwarded to health department, national gov, or org responsible for monitoring the problem
National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS)
Voluntary system monitored by the CDC includes 68 infectious diseases/conditions w. case definitions considered important to the public's health
type of passive surveillance
state + passive surveillance
Each state determines for itself which of the diseases and conditions are of importance to the state health and legally requires the reporting of those diseases to the state health department.
cons of passive surveillance
delay in reporting;
limited by incompleteness of reporting + variability of
quality
pros of passive surveillance
Has ability to provide disease specific demographics, geographic, and seasonal trends; simple + inexpensive
active surveillance
Health agencies contact health providers seeking reports
PH nursing begins a search for cases through the following:
local health providers
health care
agencies
nurse names the disease/event + gathers data to determine magnitude of problem to see how widespread it is
cons of active surveillance
costly and requires numerous personnel
pros of active surveillance
more complete pic of a number of existing cases; ensures more complete reporting of condition
active surveillance uses
active system used on a limited basis for investigations after a disease outbreak has been recognized
ex. of active surveillance
The NY State Dep. of Health contacts health providers in District A every Friday to obtain the number of patients examined w. Influenza.
sentinel surveillance
monitoring of key health events when information is not otherwise available for vulnerable populations in order to calculate or estimate disease morbidity; monitor in a systematic manner, linking information to sources (ex. Health dept) to identify disease control and prevention strategies
characteristics of sentinel surveillance
monitoring trends or key health indications
the sentinel may be: a disease, an event, or a pop.
can be active or passive
special surveillance
developed for collecting particular types of data
may be a combo of active, passive or sentinel systems
automated data, real time info; used to predict epidemics hrs to days before disease clusters are announced
examples of special surveillance
PulseNet System
BioNet
Laboratory Response Network (LRN)
Syndromic Surveillance Systems (bioterrorism)
Enhanced Surveillance Project (ESP)
national notifiable diseases
Provides basis for detecting disease outbreaks, for identifying person characteristics, and for calculating incidence, geographic distribution, and temporal trends
Initiate prevention
data published weekly in Morbidity + Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
state notifiable disease policy
Mandated by law or regulation
Each state differs, but the usefulness of data depends on uniformity, simplicity, + timeliness
Health care providers, hospitals, + labs are required to report cases to local health department (LHD)
process of state notifiable diseases
Health care providers, hospitals, + labs are required to report cases to local health department (LHD)
LDH is responsible for case investigation + action —> then forwards disease report to the state health department
state health department assists the LHD as needed
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