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Radiological Protection PrinciplesJustification: No practice or source within a practice should be authorized unless the practice produces sufficient benefit to the exposed individuals or to society to offset the radiation harm that it might cause; that is: unless the practice is justified, taking into account social, economic and other relevant factors Optimisation(ALARA): All living things are exposed to ionising radiation from the natural (called background radiation) and man-made radiation sources. Ionising radiation may cause biological changes in the exposed person hence the doses to the occupational workers shall be kept As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) and doses to patients shall be optimized. Suitable control measures shall be employed to minimise radiation exposure so that maximum benefits are derived with minimum radiological risk. Dose Limitations (Never exceed Dose Limits): The normal exposure of individuals resulting from all relevant practices should be subject to dose limits to ensure that no individual is exposed to a risk that is judged to be unacceptable.
Where, Occupational Exposure - Radiation Exposure to worker involved in a practice in which he/she is exposed due to handling of radioactive source or radiation generating equipment. Public Exposure - Radiation Exposure to public due to above practices. Basic Three Factors for Radiation Protection (Working Personnel & Public)Time
Distance
Shielding
I = I 0 e - µt µ- linear attenuation coefficient of shielding material t – Thickness of shielding material I0 – Initial exposure rate I – Exposure rate after transmission from shielding material
Citation, DOI & article dataCitation: Murphy, A. Radiation protection. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 09 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-52566 Radiation protection is based on the three fundamental principles of justification of exposure, keeping doses (of ionizing radiation) as low as reasonably achievable (optimization) and the application of dose limits. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is responsible for the development of these principles. JustificationThe justification principle is anecdotally known as the benefit vs risk principle; that is, an individual's exposure to medical radiation should always have a greater benefit to the patient as to outweigh the negative consequences of the proposed examination. For example, the benefit in requesting a CT brain for a patient that has suffered significant head trauma generally outweighs any negative outcomes associated with that radiation exposure 1. OptimizationOptimization is also known at the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle. That is, medical radiation exposures should always be kept as low as achievable to ensure it is employed optimally. There is a particular focus on the term achievable, as medical radiation exposure lower than achievable can result in non-diagnostic examinations 1. Dose limitsDose limits are recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, they are in place to ensure that the individuals are not exposed to an unnecessarily high amount of ionizing radiation. The limits are split into two groups, the public, and occupationally-exposed workers. These limits do not apply to patients, however, the aforementioned principles do. At the time of writing this article (April 2017) the dose limits recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection are as following:
Quiz questionsReferencesRelated articles: Imaging technologyPromoted articles (advertising)What are the 3 best methods to protect yourself from radiation exposure?Staying inside will reduce your exposure to radiation. Close and lock windows and doors. Take a shower or wipe exposed parts of your body with a damp cloth. Drink bottled water and eat food in sealed containers.
What are the rules for protection from radiation?Keeping the time of exposure to a minimum, Maintaining distance from the source, When appropriate, placing a shield between yourself and the source, and. Protecting yourself against radioactive contamination by using proper protective clothing.
What are the types of radiation protection?3 Different Types of Radiation Shielding Materials. Traditional Lead Shielding.. Lead Composite Shielding.. Lead-Free Shielding.. Which Material Is The Best To Use?. What are the three major control strategies for controlling exposures to ionizing radiation?The three basic ways of controlling exposure to harmful radiation are: 1) limiting the time spent near a source of radiation, 2) increasing the distance away from the source, 3) and using shielding to stop or reduce the level of radiation.
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