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| Question | Answer |
|---|
| First floppy disk on the system.
| /dev/fd0 Block device.
|
| second floppy disk on the system.
| /dev/fd1, block device.
|
| First primary partition on the first IDE hard disk drive (primary master).
| /dev/hda1 (Block device)
|
| Primary partition on the second IDE hard disk drive (primary slave).
| /dev/hdb1 (Block device)
|
| First primary partition on the third IDE hard disk drive (secondary master).
| /dev/hdc1 (Block device)
|
| First primary partition on the fourth IDE hard disk drive (secondary slave)
| /dev/hdd1 (Block device)
|
| First primary partition on the first SATA/SCSI hard disk drive.
| /dev/sda1 (Block device)
|
| First primary partition on the second SATA/SCSI hard disk drive.
| /dev/sdb1 (block device)
|
| Second local terminal on the system (Ctrl+Alt+F2).
| /dev/tty2 (Character device)
|
| First local terminal on the system (Ctrl+Alt+F1).
| /dev/tty1 (Character device)
|
| First serial port on the system (COM1).
| /dev/ttyS0 (Character device)
|
| Device file that represents nothing. (Any data sent to this device is discarded)
| /dev/null (Character device)
|
| What type of file is generally found in the /dev directory?
| A device file. Most devices, such as disks, terminals, and serial ports.
|
| Which command would you use to see whether a device transfers data character-by-character or block-by-block?
| ls -l /dev/(type of file)
|
| What is the device that transfers data character-by-character called?
| Character device.
|
| What is the device that transfers data block-by-block called?
| Block device.
|
| How is a device file listed if it becomes corrupted?
| It is usually listed as a regular file instead of block or character special file.
|
| How do you re-create a corrupted or deleted device file if you know the type, major number, and minor number?
| mknod command.
|
| How can you re-create a corrupted or deleted file if you do not know the type, major number, or minor number?
| /dev/MAKEDEV command.
|
| What are the three common components of all filesystems called?
| Superblock, the inode table, and the data blocks.
|
| One benefit of Linux is that you can use several different devices formatted with different filesystems under the same directory tree. True or False?
| True.
|
| What is the boot file system called?
| bfs.
|
| What is the second extended filesystem called?
| ext2. It is the traditional filesystem used on Linux. Also, the default filesystem if the type is not specified.
|
| Which filesystem allows for journaling, has a faster startup and recovery time?
| ext3.
|
| Which filesystem has a larger filesystem support and speed enhancements?
| ext4.
|
| Which filesystem is used to access data stored on CDs and DVDs?
| iso9660.
|
| Which filesystem is used by software programs that write to a CD-RW or DVD-RW drive?
| udf.
|
| Mount point
| The process whereby a device is made accessible to users via the logical directory tree.
|
| Directories
| Files that do not contain data. They contain a list of files and subdirectories.
|
| What is the "mkfs" command used for?
| A command used to format or create filesystems.
|
| /dev/MAKEDEV command
| The command used to re-create a device file if one or more of the following pieces of device information is unknown: major number, minor number, or type (character or block).
|
| -t switch
| used to specify the filesystem type.
|
| How can a list of currently mounted filesystems be obtained?
| You can use the mount command with no options or arguments.
|
| How is the fuser command used?
| a command used to identify any users or processes using a particular file or directory.
|
| mkfs.vfat
| Creates FAT filesystem.
|
| mkfs.ext2
| Creates an ext2 filesystem.
|
| mkfs.ext3
| Creates an ext3 filesystem.
|
| mkfs.ext4
| Creates an ext4 filesystem.
|
| mkfs.reiserfs
| Creates a REISERFS
|
| mkfs.xfs
| Creates a XFS filesystem.
|
| mkfs.ntfs
| Creates a NTFS filesystem.
|
| A device can be mounted to any existing directory. True or False?
| True.
|
| If the directory contains files and a device is mounted to it, those files will be accessible anyway. True or False?
| False.
|
| /etc/fstab
| a file used to specify which filesystems to mount automatically at boot time and queried by the mount command if an insufficient number of arguments is specified.
|
| /proc/devices
| a file that contains currently used device information.
|
| fsck command
| filesystem check command checks filesystems for errors. The syntax is the command option specifying the filesystem type and an argument specifying which device to check.
|
| -f option
| used with fsck to perform a full filesystem check.
|
| e2fsck command
| Error check on an ext2 filesystem
|
| -c option
| checks for bad blocks on the disk and adds the to a bad block table on the filesystem so that they are not used in the future.
|
| -a or -y option
| a fsck option which allows fsck to automatically repair any errors.
|
| -A
| Checks all filesystems in /etc/fstab that have a 1 or 2 in the sixth field.
|
| du command
| the directory usage command is used to view the size of a directory and its contents in Kilobytes.
|
| df command
| disk free space command is used to monitor free disk space by filesystem.
|
| umount <mount point> or umount <device>
| Unmounts a <device> from its <mount point> directory.
|
| /dev/hda
| Primary master PATA hard drive
|
| /dev/hdb
| Primary slave PATA hard drive
|
| /dev/hdc
| Secondary master PATA hard drive
|
| /dev/hdd
| Secondary slave PATA hard drive
|
| /dev/sda, /dev/scd0, /dev/sr0, and /dev/sg0
| First SATA/SCSI drive
|
| /dev/sdb, /dev/scd1, /dev/sr1, /dev/sg1
| Second SATA/SCSI drive
|
| /dev/sdc, /dev/scd2, /dev/sr2, /devsg2
| Third SATA/SCSI drive
|
| /dev/cdrom
| A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first CD-ROM drive.
|
| /dev/cdrw
| A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first CD-RW drive
|
| /dev/dvd
| A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first DVD-ROM drive
|
| /dev/dvdrw
| A symbolic link to the correct device file for your first DVD-RW drive.
|
| PATA, SATA & SCSI
| Three types of hard disks
|
| /dev/hda
| Primary master hard disk
|
| /dev/hdb
| Primary slave hard disk
|
| /dev/hdc
| Secondary master
|
| /dev/hdd
| Secondary slave
|
| /dev/sda
| First SCSI hard disk drive
|
| /dev/sdb
| Second SCSI hard disk drive
|
| /dev/sdc
| Third SCSI hard disk drive
|
| /dev/sdd
| Fourth SCSI hard disk drive
|
| /dev/sde
| Fifth SCSI hard disk drive
|
| /dev/sdd
| Sixth SCSI hard disk drive
|
| What is a partition?
| A physical division of a hard disk drive. Each partition can contain a separate filesystem and can be mounted to different mount point directories.
|
| How many partitions are required in Linux at a minimum?
| Two, the / (root directory) and the swap partition.
|
| What is a cylinder?
| A series of tracks on a hard disk that are written to simultaneously by the magnetic heads in a hard disk drive.
|
| How many primary partitions can the hard disk contain?
| up to four primary partitions or three primary partitions and one extended partition.
|
| /dev/hda1
| The first primary partition on a PATA device
|
| /dev/hda2
| The second primary partition on a PATA device.
|
| /dev/hda3
| The third primary partition on a PATA device.
|
| /dev/hda4
| The fourth primary partition on a PATA device. Could be an extended partition.
|
| /dev/hda5
| The 1st logical drive in the extended partition.
|
| /dev/hda6
| The 2nd logical drive in the extended partition.
|
| fdisk command
| Used to create, delete, and manipulate partitions on hard disks after installation.
|
| cfdisk command
| A command used to partition hard disks; it displays a graphical interface in which the user can select partitioning options.
|
| mkswap command
| A command used to prepare newly created swap partitions for use by the Linux system.
|
| swapon command
| A command used to enable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
|
| swapoff command
| A command used to disable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system.
|
| tune2fs command
| A command used to modify ext2 and ext3 filesystem parameters.
|
| What is a hard disk quota?
| the limits on the number of files, or total storage space on a hard disk drive, available to a user.
|
| What is a hard limit?
| The hard disk quota that the user cannot exceed.
|
| What is a soft limit?
| A hard disk quota that the user can exceed for a certain period of time.
|
| First SCSI tape device in the system.
| /dev/st0 Character device
|
| USB device files
| /dev/bus/usb/* character device
|
| PS/2 mouse port
| /dev/psaux
|
| First parallel port on the system (LPT1)
| /dev/lp0
|
| Device file that represents nothing; any data sent to this device is discarded
| /dev/null
|
| First serial port on the system (COM1)
| /dev/ttyS0
|
| Second serial port on the system (COM2)
| /dev/ttyS1
|
| Virtual FAT filesystem - a filesystem used by DOS and Windows computers that supports long file names
| vfat
|
| New Technology File System - a Microsoft proprietary filesystem developed for its Windows operating systems
| ntfs
|
| FAT filesystem - the filesystem used on DOS and Windows computers
| msdos
|
| Connect CD-Rom to /mnt/cdrom directory.
| mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
|
| Connect the Windows XP partition on the first partition on the primary master to the WinXP directory in the mnt directory. The filesystem of the partition is NTFS.
| mount -t ntfs /dev/hda1 /mnt/WinXP
|
| Create a blank file in the root directory with the name of testing.
| touch /testing
|
| Run a directory listing of the entire contents of the hard drive and display it on the second terminal.
| ls -aR / > ~/dev/tty2
|
HDD. Because it uses integrated circuit technology, flash storage is a solid-state technology, meaning it has no moving parts. When flash technology is used for enterprise storage, the term flash drive or flash array is often used interchangeably with solid-state drive (SSD).
