Which cleansing solution is the most effective for use in completing pin site care?

1.

Lally P, Seligson D, Stanwyck TS. The new challenges of physical therapy for external fixation treatment of fractures*. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1981;2:171-6.  


    

2.

Ktistakis I, Guerado E, Giannoudis PV. Pin-site care: Can we reduce the incidence of infections? Injury 2015;46 Suppl 3:S35-9.  


    

3.

Combs K, Frick S, Kiebzak G. Multicenter study of pin site infections and skin complications following pinning of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. Cureus 2016;8:e911.  


    

4.

McKenzie JC, Rogero RG, Khawam S, McDonald EL, Nicholson K, Shakked RJ, et al. Incidence and risk factors for pin site infection of exposed kirschner wires following elective forefoot surgery. Foot Ankle Int 2019;40:1154-9.  


    

5.

Hsu LP, Schwartz EG, Kalainov DM, Chen F, Makowiec RL. Complications of K-wire fixation in procedures involving the hand and wrist. J Hand Surg Am 2011;36:610-6.  


    

6.

Bue M, Bjarnason AÓ, Rölfing JD, Larsen K, Petruskevicius J. Prospective evaluation of pin site infections in 39 patients treated with external ring fixation. J Bone Jt Infect 2021;6:135-40.  


    

7.

Parameswaran AD, Roberts CS, Seligson D, Voor M. Pin tract infection with contemporary external fixation: How much of a problem? J Orthop Trauma 2003;17:503-7.  


    

8.

Antoci V, Ono CM, Antoci V Jr., Raney EM. Pin-tract infection during limb lengthening using external fixation. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2008;37:E150-4.  


    

9.

Checketts RG, MacEachem AG, Otterbum M. Pin Track Infection and the Principles of Pin Site Care. In: Bastiani Gde, Apley AG, Goldberg A, editors. Orthofix External Fixation in Trauma and Orthopaedics. London: Springer London; 2000. p. 97-103.  


    

10.

Timms A, Pugh H. Pin site care: Guidance and key recommendations. Nurs Stand 2012;27:50-5.  


    

11.

Walker JA, Scammell BE, Bayston R. A web-based survey to identify current practice in skeletal pin site management. Int Wound J 2018;15:250-7.  


    

12.

Limb AT. Pin site care: Guidance and key recommendations. Nurs Stand 2012;27:50-6.  


    

13.

Campbell F, Watt E. An exploration of nursing practices related to care of orthopaedic external fixators (pin/wire sites) in the Australian context. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2020;36:100711.  


    

14.

Camathias C, Valderrabano V, Oberli H. Routine pin tract care in external fixation is unnecessary: A randomised, prospective, blinded controlled study. Injury 2012;43:1969-73.  


    

15.

Kao HK, Chen MC, Lee WC, Yang WE, Chang CH. A prospective comparative study of pin site infection in pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures: Daily pin care versus. No pin care. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2014;134:919-23.  


    

16.

Kazmers NH, Fragomen AT, Rozbruch SR. Prevention of pin site infection in external fixation: A review of the literature. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2016;11:75-85.  


    

17.

Lethaby A, Temple J, Santy-Tomlinson J. Pin site care for preventing infections associated with external bone fixators and pins. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;3:CD004551. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004551.pub3. PMID: 24302374..  


    

18.

Egol KA, Paksima N, Puopolo S, Klugman J, Hiebert R, Koval KJ. Treatment of external fixation pins about the wrist: A prospective, randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:349-54.  


    

19.

Henry C. Pin sites: Do we need to clean them? Pract Nur 1996;7:12-7.  


    

20.

Patterson MM. Multicenter pin care study. Orthop Nurs 2005;24:349-60.  


    

21.

Lethaby A, Temple J, Santy J. Pin site care for preventing infections associated with external bone fixators and pins. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;8. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004551.pub2. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;12:CD004551. PMID: 18843660  


    

22.

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2021;10:89.  


    

23.

W-Dahl A, Toksvig-Larsen S, Lindstrand A. No difference between daily and weekly pin site care: A randomized study of 50 patients with external fixation. Acta Orthop Scand 2003;74:704-8.  


    

24.

W-Dahl A, Toksvig-Larsen S. Pin site care in external fixation sodium chloride or chlorhexidine solution as a cleansing agent. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2004;124:555-8.  


    

25.

Davies R, Holt N, Nayagam S. The care of pin sites with external fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87:716-9.  


    

26.

Camilo AM, Bongiovanni JC. Evaluation of effectiveness of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution against infections in wire and pin holes for Ilizarov external fixators. Sao Paulo Med J 2005;123:58-61.  


    

27.

Grant S, Kerr D, Wallis M, Pitchford D. Comparison of povidone-iodine solution and soft white paraffin ointment in the management of skeletal pin-sites: A pilot study. J Orthop Nurs 2005;9:218-25.  


    

28.

Cavusoglu AT, Er MS, Inal S, Ozsoy MH, Dincel VE, Sakaogullari A. Pin site care during circular external fixation using two different protocols. J Orthop Trauma 2009;23:724-30.  


    

29.

Chan CK, Saw A, Kwan MK, Karina R. Diluted povidone-iodine versus saline for dressing metal-skin interfaces in external fixation. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2009;17:19-22.  


    

30.

Ogbemudia AO, Bafor A, Edomwonyi E, Enemudo R. Prevalence of pin tract infection: The role of combined silver sulphadiazine and chlorhexidine dressing. Niger J Clin Pract 2010;13:268-71.  


[PUBMED]  [Full text]  

31.

Yuenyongviwat V, Tangtrakulwanich B. Prevalence of pin-site infection: The comparison between silver sulfadiazine and dry dressing among open tibial fracture patients. J Med Assoc Thai 2011;94:566-9.  


    

32.

Lee CK, Chua YP, Saw A. Antimicrobial gauze as a dressing reduces pin site infection: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012;470:610-5.  


    

33.

Britten S, Ghoz A, Duffield B, Giannoudis PV. Ilizarov fixator pin site care: The role of crusts in the prevention of infection. Injury 2013;44:1275-8.  


    

34.

Kazi HA, de Matas M, Pillay R. Reduction of halo pin site morbidity with a new pin care regimen. Asian Spine J 2013;7:91-5.  


    

35.

Cam R, Korkmaz FD. The effect of long-term care and follow-up on complications in patients with external fixators. Int J Nurs Pract 2014;20:89-96.  


    

36.

Lu D, Wang T, Chen H, Sun LJ. Management of pin tract infection in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: A comparative study of three methods. Eur J Pediatr 2017;176:615-20.  


    

37.

Lazarides AL, Hamid KS, Kerzner MS. Novel use of active leptospermum honey for ringed fixator pin site care in diabetic charcot deformity patients. Foot Ankle Spec 2018;11:117-22.  


    

38.

Subramanyam KN, Mundargi AV, Potarlanka R, Khanchandani P. No role for antiseptics in routine pin site care in Ilizarov fixators: A randomised prospective single blinded control study. Injury 2019;50:770-6.  


    

39.

Ferguson D, Harwood P, Allgar V, Roy A, Foster P, Taylor M, et al. The PINS trial: A prospective randomized clinical trial comparing a traditional versus an emollient skincare regimen for the care of pin-sites in patients with circular frames. Bone Joint J 2021;103-B:279-85.  


    

40.

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 2016;355:i4919.  


    

41.

Thomas BH, Ciliska D, Dobbins M, Micucci S. A process for systematically reviewing the literature: Providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2004;1:176-84.  


    

42.

Longo UG, Rizzello G, Loppini M, Locher J, Buchmann S, Maffulli N, et al. Multidirectional instability of the shoulder: A systematic review. Arthroscopy 2015;31:2431-43.  


    

43.

Coleman BD, Khan KM, Maffulli N, Cook JL, Wark JD. Studies of surgical outcome after patellar tendinopathy: Clinical significance of methodological deficiencies and guidelines for future studies. Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000;10:2-11.  


    

44.

Williams H, Griffiths P. The effectiveness of pin site care for patients with external fixators. Br J Community Nurs 2004;9:206-10.  


    

45.

Temple J, Santy J. Pin site care for preventing infections associated with external bone fixators and pins. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004551.  


    

46.

Georgiades DS. A systematic integrative review of pin site crusts. Orthop Nurs 2018;37:36-42.  


    

47.

Akilapa O, Gaffey A. Hydroxyapatite pins for external fixation: Is there sufficient evidence to prove that coated pins are less likely to be replaced prematurely? Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2015;49:410-5.  


    

Which interventions should a nurse implement as part of initial pain relief for the client with a cast?

Explanation: Most pain can be relieved by elevating the casted part of the body, and by applying cold packs as prescribed and administering analgesics. The application of a new cast and providing passive range-of-motion would not assist in decreasing initial pain for a patient with a cast.

Which intervention would the nurse implement with the client in a plaster cast?

Nursing Interventions for Cast Care:.
Monitor for compartment syndrome: 6 P's..
Monitor for infection: hotspots in the cast, severe pain, fever..
Keep the cast and extremity elevated above the heart level (decreases swelling).
Apply ice packs to the cast for the first 2 days to decrease swelling..

Which type of cast and closes the trunk and a lower extremity?

Spica cast. A cast that includes the trunk of the body and one or more limbs is a spica cast, just as is a cast that includes the "trunk" of the arm and one or more fingers or the thumb. For example, a shoulder spica includes the trunk of the body and one arm, usually to the wrist or hand.

Which term describes a surgical procedure to release constricting muscle fascia so as to relieve muscle tissue pressure?

Definition. Fasciotomy is a surgery to relieve swelling and pressure in a compartment of the body. Tissue that surrounds the area is cut open to relieve pressure. Fasciotomy is most often needed in the leg, but it may also be done in the arm, hand, foot, or abdomen.

Chủ đề