Multiple access schemes are used to allow many mobile users to share simultaneously a finite amount of radio spectrum. Show
Multiple Access TechniquesIn wireless communication systems, it is often desirable to allow the subscriber to send information simultaneously from the mobile station to the base station while receiving information from the base station to the mobile station. A cellular system divides any given area into cells where a mobile unit in each cell communicates with a base station. The main aim in the cellular system design is to be able to increase the capacity of the channel, i.e., to handle as many calls as possible in a given bandwidth with a sufficient level of quality of service. There are several different ways to allow access to the channel. These includes mainly the following −
Depending on how the available bandwidth is allocated to the users, these techniques can be classified as narrowband and wideband systems. Narrowband SystemsSystems operating with channels substantially narrower than the coherence bandwidth are called as Narrow band systems. Narrow band TDMA allows users to use the same channel but allocates a unique time slot to each user on the channel, thus separating a small number of users in time on a single channel. Wideband SystemsIn wideband systems, the transmission bandwidth of a single channel is much larger than the coherence bandwidth of the channel. Thus, multipath fading doesn’t greatly affect the received signal within a wideband channel, and frequency selective fades occur only in a small fraction of the signal bandwidth. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)FDMA is the basic technology for advanced mobile phone services. The features of FDMA are as follows.
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)In the cases where continuous transmission is not required, there TDMA is used instead of FDMA. The features of TDMA include the following.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Code division multiple access technique is an example of multiple access where several transmitters use a single channel to send information simultaneously. Its features are as follows.
Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)Space division multiple access or spatial division multiple access is a technique which is MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) architecture and used mostly in wireless and satellite communication. It has the following features.
Spread Spectrum Multiple AccessSpread spectrum multiple access (SSMA) uses signals which have a transmission bandwidth whose magnitude is greater than the minimum required RF bandwidth. There are two main types of spread spectrum multiple access techniques −
Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (FHSS)This is a digital multiple access system in which the carrier frequencies of the individual users are varied in a pseudo random fashion within a wideband channel. The digital data is broken into uniform sized bursts which is then transmitted on different carrier frequencies. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)This is the most commonly used technology for CDMA. In DS-SS, the message signal is multiplied by a Pseudo Random Noise Code. Each user is given his own code word which is orthogonal to the codes of other users and in order to detect the user, the receiver must know the code word used by the transmitter. The combinational sequences called as hybrid are also used as another type of spread spectrum. Time hopping is also another type which is rarely mentioned. Since many users can share the same spread spectrum bandwidth without interfering with one another, spread spectrum systems become bandwidth efficient in a multiple user environment. Which techniques is used in CDMA?Techniques generally used are direct sequence spread spectrum modulation (DS-CDMA), frequency hopping or mixed CDMA detection (JDCDMA). Here, a signal is generated which extends over a wide bandwidth. A code called spreading code is used to perform this action.
What are the methods of multiple access techniques Mcq?Answer- Types of multiple access techniques are:. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA). Time division multiple access (TDMA). Code division multiple access (CDMA). Space division multiple access (SDMA). What is in CDMA & its types Mcq?CDMA is a spread spectrum technique where multiple users to access the system at the same example in a cell, and of course on the same frequency. Therefore, discriminate the users on the reverse link i.
What is multiple access techniques for wireless communication?Multiple access is a technique that lets multiple mobile users share the allotted spectrum in the most effective manner. Since the spectrum is limited, the sharing is necessary to improve the overall capacity over a geographical area.
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