Pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.

Cluster C Personality Disorders is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide.

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DEFINITION

Personality disorders are defined by enduring, inflexible, pervasive patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from the expectations of an individual’s culture. This pattern may manifest in thoughts, behaviors, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control. Personality disorders lead to significant distress or impairment in social, occupations, or other important areas of functioning[1].

Cluster C Personality Disorders are collectively characterized by anxious and fearful patterns of thoughts and behaviors[1]:

  • Avoidant Personality Disorder is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
  • Dependent Personality Disorder is a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation related to an excessive need to be taken care of.
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility and efficiency.

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DEFINITION

Personality disorders are defined by enduring, inflexible, pervasive patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from the expectations of an individual’s culture. This pattern may manifest in thoughts, behaviors, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control. Personality disorders lead to significant distress or impairment in social, occupations, or other important areas of functioning[1].

Cluster C Personality Disorders are collectively characterized by anxious and fearful patterns of thoughts and behaviors[1]:

  • Avoidant Personality Disorder is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
  • Dependent Personality Disorder is a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation related to an excessive need to be taken care of.
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility and efficiency.

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Last updated: December 6, 2020

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Accommodation and Compliance: Personality Disorder

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About Personality Disorder

A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.  There are 10 specific personality disorders. They are as follows:

  • Paranoid personality disorder – a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others' motives are interpreted as malevolent.
  • Schizoid personality disorder – a pattern of detachment from social relationship and a restricted range of emotional expression.
  • Schizotypal personality disorder – a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.
  • Antisocial personality disorder – a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.
  • Borderline personality disorder – a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.
  • Histrionic personality disorder – a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.
  • Narcissistic personality disorder – a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
  • Avoidant personality disorder – a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
  • Dependent personality disorder – a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.
  • Obsessive compulsive personality disorder – a pattern of preoccupations with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

JAN's Accommodation Solutions: Executive Functioning Deficits is a publication detailing accommodations for individuals with limitations related to executive functioning. These ideas may be helpful in determining accommodations. 

Personality Disorder and the Americans with Disabilities Act

The ADA does not contain a definitive list of medical conditions that constitute disabilities. Instead, the ADA defines a person with a disability as someone who (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more "major life activities," (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded as having such an impairment. For more information about how to determine whether a person has a disability under the ADA, see How to Determine Whether a Person Has a Disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA).

Accommodating Employees with Personality Disorder

People with personality disorders may develop some of the limitations discussed below, but seldom develop all of them. Also, the degree of limitation will vary among individuals. Be aware that not all people with personality disorders will need accommodations to perform their jobs and many others may only need a few accommodations. The following is only a sample of the possibilities available. Numerous other accommodation solutions may exist.

Questions to Consider:

  1. What limitations is the employee experiencing?
  2. How do these limitations affect the employee and the employee’s job performance?
  3. What specific job tasks are problematic as a result of these limitations?
  4. What accommodations are available to reduce or eliminate these problems? Are all possible resources being used to determine possible accommodations?
  5. Once accommodations are in place, would it be useful to meet with the employee to evaluate the effectiveness of the accommodations and to determine whether additional accommodations are needed?
  6. Do supervisory personnel and employees need training?

Accommodation Ideas:

Situations and Solutions:

The following situations and solutions are real-life examples of accommodations that were made by JAN customers. Because accommodations are made on a case-by-case basis, these examples may not be effective for every workplace but give you an idea about the types of accommodations that are possible.

Events Regarding Personality Disorder

Other Information Regarding Personality Disorder

Organizations

Which of the following behavioral patterns is characteristic of individuals with narcissistic personality disorder?

Narcissistic personality disorder: This condition involves a consistent pattern of perceived superiority and grandiosity, an excessive need for praise and admiration and a lack of empathy for others.

What are the 3 types of personality disorders?

What types of personality disorder are there?.
Paranoid personality disorder..
Schizoid personality disorder..
Schizotypal personality disorder..

Is Clinginess a mental disorder?

Dependent personality disorder usually starts during childhood or by the age of 29. People with DPD have an overwhelming need to have others take care of them. Often, a person with DPD relies on people close to them for their emotional or physical needs. Others may describe them as needy or clingy.

How do you manage dependent personality disorder?

Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is the main method of treatment for DPD. The goal of therapy is to help the person with DPD become more active and independent, and to learn to form healthy relationships.