What is the difference between procedural and nonprocedural DMLs?

All the instructions must be written in order and the user has to follow. All the instructions are executed one by one. It has a complete procedure that defines what to do and how to do it. All the instructions are written in a specific order to solve a particular problem. Language is very easily understood by a user because all the instructions are written in order.

Examples of Procedural Language

1.    FORTRON( formula translation)
2.  COBOL( common business-oriented language)
3.  C language
4.  basic( Beginners All-Purpose  Symbolic Language)

Advantages of Procedural language

1. It is easy to understand
2. it is easier to test and debug
3. it is a well-structured language
4. Single Programs can be written by more than one program by dividing the program up into modules.
5. It consists of a step-by-step procedure that is why it is easily understood by any user.
6. These languages are very flexible.

Disadvantages of Procedural Languages

1. A big disadvantage of procedural language is the inability to reuse the code.
2. The same type of code many times throughout a program can add to the development cost and time of a project.
3. Testing the program is very difficult.
4. debugging is very difficult.
5. It is not very fastly executed as compared to the low-level language code.
6. Another disadvantage of Procedural language is that it struggled to handle the situation in which the number of  possible actions may lead to the desired result

Non-Procedural Languages

In these languages, all the instructions are not written in a specific order. It is also known as a declarative and functional language. The non-procedural language that does not require writing traditional program logic. Users concentrate on defining the input and output rather than the steps of the program. Examples of non-procedural languages are as follows.

With the advancing technologies and disciplines in engineering, science, IT, and many more fields, we are in constant need of better computing models. It has become very tricky for an average human to reach their conclusions of complex problems using human capabilities. Thus, we require computational problems that can provide large-scale storage and computational environments for all. Such systems make use of such languages. There is a difference between procedural and non-procedural languages. The non-procedural ones are always function-oriented while the procedural languages depend on given commands.

Added to this, the non-procedural languages function to represent various programs in the form of a relation between various expressions of mathematics (these are dependency-based). Conversely, the procedural languages function to perform the computations in the form of statement sequences that can easily manipulate data and store them until we reach the desired result.

Read ahead to understand more differences between procedural and non-procedural language. First, let us know what each of them does.

What is Procedural Language?

We write the program code in a procedural language in the form of a sequence of various instructions. A user must specify what the machines need to do and also specify how to do it (by mentioning a procedure indicating individual steps). The execution of these instructions occurs in a sequential manner. The instructions typically exist for solving a specified set of problems.

What is Non-Procedural Language?

In these types of languages, the concerned user only needs to specify what the device or system needs to do. We don’t have to specify how to perform the specified operation. A non-procedural language is also called functional or applicative language. Its mode of operation comprises function development from other given functions (for the construction of more complex and large functions).

Difference Between Procedural and Non-Procedural Language

ParametersProcedural LanguageNon-Procedural LanguageWriting of LanguageWe write this language in the form of a set of the required instructions.We write this language in the form of natural instructions of a language.Mode of OperationA programmer needs to provide a sequential set of instructions regarding what the system/machine needs to perform and how it needs to perform them.A programmer only needs to provide the information regarding what the system/machine needs to do and not how to do it.Language DrivingIt is a command-driven kind of programming language.It is a function-driven kind of programming language.Return FunctionWe can apply the return function to a specific set of data types only.The return function, in this case, is capable of supporting all types of values and data types.LengthThis programming language is lengthier than the non-procedural one. It is because it does not consist of a predefined class and library.This programming language is usually lesser in length as compared to the procedural one. It is because it consists of a rich set of classes and libraries.Efficiency of MemoryThese are more efficient with the available memory.These are less efficient with the available memory.ApproachThese types of languages mainly aim at solving a particular set of available problems.These are domain-specific types of languages, for instance, web development, databases, etc.Mathematical InstructionsThese are capable of supporting the simple type of mathematical instructions.These can easily support all kinds of the complex as well as easy types of mathematical instructions.Recursive CallsThis type of language supports recursive calls as well as iterative loops.This type of language only supports recursive calls and not iterative loops.Change in Memory LocationIn this language, as soon as we execute the next statement, the memory location tends to change immediately.In this language, one single memory location is capable of executing a set of sequential instructions.DependencyThis language mainly depends on the execution order.This language mainly depends on a parameter’s values from the given function.Code Concept ReuseThis language does not have a well-developed system of code concept reuse.This language consists of a well-developed system of code concept reuse.ResourcesThis language needs fewer resources for compiling as well as interpreting.This language needs many resources. They also include many classes and libraries for the same reason.Speed of ExecutionThe speed of execution is faster in these types of languages due to the lesser number of resources.The speed of execution is slower because it works with multiple resources.ExamplesA few examples of these types of languages include Fortran basic, Cobol, Fortran, etc.A few examples of these types of languages include C++, SQL, Java, etc.

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