Is a techniqueof gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subject in your research. It lets you record what people exactly do and say in their everyday life on earth Show
• PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION • NON-PARTICIPANT OR STRUCTURED OBSERVATION The observer, who is the researcher, takes part in the activities of the individual or group being observed. This initial part of the record describe the people, places, events, conversation, and the other things involved in the activities or object focus on by the research It gives you interpretation or reflection about everything you observed, it is the second part of the diary This type of observation completely detaches you from the target of your observation. You just watch andlisten to them do their own things, without you participating in any of their activities. NON-PARTICIPATION OR STRUCTURED OBSERVATION Recording of non participant observation happens through the use of ______ • DIRECTOBSERVATION • INDIRECT OBSERVATION a) Continuous monitoring or CM b) Spot sampling Two types of Spot sampling • TIMEALLOCATION(TA) • EXPERIENCE SAMPLING This observation method make you see or listen to everything that happens in the area of observation This observation is also called behavior archeology because, here you observed traces of past events to get information or a measure of behavior, trait, or quality of your subject Central to this method of observation or things you listen through tape recording and those you see in pictures, letters, notices, minutes of meetings, business correspondence, garbage cans, and so on Here you observed to evaluate the people deal with one another as such, this is the main gathering data technique used in behavioral psychology serve as a focus of studies in this field of discipline Name also as scan sampling or timesampling It is what goes in to the record or the best activities of people you observed in undetermined places and time It lets you record peoples responses anytime of the day or week to question their present activities,companions, feelings and so on Is a data gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your research is trying to look for. It is done mostly in qualitative research studies, aims at knowing what the respondentsthink and feelabout the topic of your research This data gathering technique occurs between you, the researcher and your respondents in a face to face situation. In this case you speak directly with your respondent, individualy, or collectively Using electronic and technological communication devices like the internet, mobile phones, email, tec., interview can be considered as ______________ STRUCTURED INTERVIEW UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW SEMI-STRUCTUREDINTERVIEW This is an interview that requires the use of an interview schedule or a list of questions answerable with one and only item from a set of alternative responses. The respondents answer the questions based on what they personally think and feel about it. There are no suggested answers. They purely depend on the respondents decision making skills, giving them opportunity to think critically about the question The characteristics of the first two types are found in the third of interview called ______________ SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW You prepare a schedule or a list of questions that is accompanied by a list expressions from where the respondents can pick out the correct answer SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW After choosing one from the suggested answers, the respondents answer another set of questions to make them explain the reasons behind their choices SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW 1. INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW 2. GROUP INTERVIEW 3. MEDIATED INTERVIEW a) SYNCHRONOUS b) ASYNCHRONOUS Only one respondent is interviewed. The reason behind is the lack of trust the interviewees have among themselves This is a time consuming type of interview because you have to interview a group of interviewees one by one In this interview approach, you ask the question not to one person, but to a group of people at the same time. The group members take turns in answering the question. This approach is often used in the fields of business, specifically in marketing research. Group interview is also called as Researchers in this field, whose primary aim adhering to this interview approach are to know peoples food preferences and consumer opinions No face to face interview is true for this interview approach because this takes place throughelectroniccommunication devices such as telephones, mobile phones, email, among others This disregards non verbal communication, many nonetheless, consider this better because of the big number of responsdents it is capable of reaching despite cost, distance, and human disabilities affecting the interview Two Types of Mediated Interview Steps in Conducting an Interview 1. Getting to know Each Other 2. Having an idea of the research 3. Starting the Interview 4. Conducting the interview proper 5. Putting an end to the interview 6. Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts Is a paper containing a list of questions including the specific place and space in the paper where you write the answers from the questions. This prepared set of questions elicit factual or opinionated answers from the respondents through his or her acts of checking one chosen answer from several options or of writing on a line provided for any opinionated answer POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE As the names connotes, this type of questionnaire goes to the respondent through postal service or electronic mail. It is though the mail or postal system that the accomplished questionnaires will be sent back to the researchers. In some cases the researcher can personally collect finished questionnaires This kind of questionaires makes you act as the interviewer and the interviewee at the same time. SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE A questionnaire like this fits a structured kind of interview SELFADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES First you ask the questions either in person or through phone: then, you will be writing the interviewees answer on a piece of paper SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE Is a process of understanding or known facts or assumptions serving a the basis of any claims or conclusions you have about something. Is a process of understanding or known facts or assumptions serving aa the basis of any claims or conclusions ypu have about something. You collect these data in many ways: observation, interview, documentary, analysis, and research instruments like questionnaires tests, etc. In analysing data, you go through __________ and _________ Is your act of using symbols like letters or words to represent arbitrary or subjective data (emotions, opinions, attitudes) to ensure secrecy or privacy of the datat Is your way of bringing together the coded data. Giving the data an orderly appearance andputting them in a graph,specifically a table of responses Is also used to name this table of responses that consists of table of cases and their associated variables 1. PROFILE MATRIX 2. PROXIMITY MATRIX Shows measurements of variable or factors fore set of cases or respondents Indicates measurements of similarities and differences between items. Two types of Proximity Matrix SIMILARITY MATRIX DISSIMILARITY MATRIX If the measurements show how alike things are If the measurements show how different they are You analyze or study data that reflect the respondents thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or views about something QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS These are subjective data that are expressed in words, and these words serve as the unit of analysis in a qualitative type of research QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS You examine these subjective data to understand how related or relevant they are to your research problem or specific research questions QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Is a time consuming process. It makes you deal with data coming from wide sources of information QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Is a rigorous act of a thematic or theoretical organization of ideas or information into a certain format that is capable of presenting group responses QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Is a type of inferential or interpretative thinking that derives its validity, truthfulness, or reasonableness from your sensory experience Makes you form conclusions that arises from the factual data you encountered and analysed What technique is used for gathering data whereby you personally watch interact or communicate with the subjects of your research?OBSERVATION • a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subjects of your research. 7. Participant Observation • the observer takes part in the activities of the individual or group being observed.
Is a data gathering technique that makes you verbally ask the subjects or respondents questions to give answers to what your research study is trying to look for?An interview is generally a qualitative research technique which involves asking open-ended questions to converse with respondents and collect elicit data about a subject.
What data gathering technique makes the researcher verbally question the respondents to give answers about the research?INTERVIEW. An interview is a face-to-face conversation between two individuals with the sole purpose of collecting relevant information to satisfy a research purpose. Interviews are of different types namely; Structured, Semi-structured, and unstructured with each having a slight variation from the other.
What type of observation should a researcher use to obtain first hand knowledge about the subjects Behaviour and the way they interact with one another?Non-participant observation involves the researcher getting into situations where behaviour, interactions, organisational practices can be observed first hand. A complete observer is usually visible to the group.
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