Modern Key Takeaways — AP World History Period 1 (1200-1450)- The spread of religion, aided by the increase in trade, often acted as a unifying social force. Throughout East Asia, the development of Neo-Confucianism solidified a cultural identity. Islam created a new cultural world known as Dar al-Islam, which transcended political and linguistic boundaries in Asia and Africa. Christianity and the Catholic Church served as unifying forces in
Europe.
- Centralized empires like the Arab Caliphates and the Song Dynasty built on the successful models of the past, while decentralized areas (Western Europe and Japan) developed political organization to more effectively deal with their unique issues. The peoples of the Americas saw new, large-scale political structures develop, such as the Inca Empire in the Andes and the Mississippian culture in North America.
- The movement of people
greatly altered the world politically and demographically. Traveling groups, such as the Turks and Mongols, disrupted much of Asia’s existing political structure. Turkic peoples founded the Mumluk and Delhi Sultanates. The recovery from the Mongol period introduced political structures that defined many areas for centuries to follow.
- There was tremendous growth in long-distance trade. Technological developments such as the compass improved shipbuilding technology, and
gunpowder shaped the development of the world. Trade through the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean, the trans-Saharan routes, and the Mediterranean Sea led to the spread of ideas, religions, and technology. Interregional cultural exchanges, represented by early world travelers like Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo, increased due to the Mongol Conquests.
- War, disease, and famine caused massive social and political upheaval throughout Eurasia. The Black Death killed over a third of
the European population, and the resulting labor shortfall increased the bargaining power of peasants, diminishing the system of feudalism. The Mongol Conquests led to a massive death toll from Korea to Russia to the Middle East, weakening many regions for centuries to come as European powers expanded outward.
- Western Europe and China saw significant economic and political recoveries. The Italian city-states grew prosperous enough to support the burgeoning Renaissance,
which was partly inspired by ancient Greek works recovered from Islamic scholars. The Ming Dynasty experienced a cultural flowering that resulted in great works of art. The Ming also supported major naval expeditions by Zheng He.
AP World History Key Terms: Period 1 (1200-1450)Remember that the AP World History exam tests you on the depth of your knowledge, not just your ability to recall facts. While we have provided brief definitions here, you will need to
know these terms in even more depth for the AP exam, including how terms connect to broader historical themes and understandings. Cultural Developments and Belief Systems- Neo-Confucianism: Popular during the Tang Dynasty; fused elements of Buddhism and Confucianism.
- Catholic Church: The largest of the three main branches of Christianity; centered in Rome and led by the pope; found most often in Europe, the Americas,
sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of East Asia.
- Eastern Orthodox Church: The third largest of the three main branches of Christianity; originally based in the Byzantine Empire; found most often in Russia, Eastern Europe, the Balkans, and parts of Central Asia.
- Shi’a: One of the two main branches of Islam; rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad’s first true successor; most commonly
found in Iran, but otherwise constitutes 10 to 15 percent of Muslims worldwide.
- Sunni: One of the two main branches of Islam; commonly described as orthodox and differs from Shi’a in its understanding of the Sunnah and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs; is by far the most common branch of Islam worldwide.
Civilizations in the Americas- Chinampa: A form of Mesoamerican agriculture in which farmers cultivated
crops in rectangular plots of land on lake beds; hosted corns, beans, chilis, squash, tomatoes, and more; provided up to seven harvests per year.
- Mit’a: A mandatory public service system in the Inca Empire requiring all people below the age of 50 to serve for two months out of the year; not to be confused with the mita, a forced labor system practiced by conquistadors in the former Inca Empire.
AP World History Period 1 Practice Question The Post Classical Period in AP
WORLD: MODERN covers from 1200-1450 CE. This is very heavy in trade and inter-connectivity. The first two of the nine units in AP WORLD: MODERN are featured in this time period. See the chart below for the exact weighting: CLICK BELOW for pages dedicated to the TWO UNITS in this PERIOD. Below
are the ACTUAL STANDARDS provided by the College Board for what you have to know for the 1200-1450 Period:A
deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies. Improved commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes—including the
Silk Roads, trans-Saharan trade network, and Indian Ocean—promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities.
The growth of inter-regional trade in luxury goods (silk and cotton
textiles, porcelain, spices, precious metals and gems, slaves,
exotic animals)
(The Growth of Inter-regional Trade) was encouraged by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies,
including the caravanserai, forms of credit, and the development of money economies as well as the use of the compass,
the astrolabe and larger ship designs.
Muslim rule continued to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to
military expansion, and Islam subsequently expanded through the activities of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis.
In key places along important trade routes, merchants set up diasporic communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures and, in turn,
indigenous cultures influenced merchant cultures.
Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific
and technological innovation. Chinese cultural traditions continued, and they influenced neighboring regions. Buddhism and its core beliefs continued to shape societies in Asia and included a variety of branches, schools, and practices. Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia. Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia.
Christianity, Judaism, Islam and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Europe.
There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens, with epidemic diseases, including the Bubonic plague, along trade routes.
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions. As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples.
These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity.
Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule.
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in
South and Southeast Asia.
Empires collapsed in different regions of the world and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states, including the Mongol khanates. In the Americas and in Africa, as in Eurasia, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach.
Inter-regional contacts and conflicts between states and empires, including the Mongols, encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers,
Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social and gender structures
and environmental processes. Demand
for luxury goods increased in Afro–Eurasia. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China.
For the first period of AP WORLD MODERN, the
POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD (1200-1450), there are 20 people to know… and one god. I know… That’s a lot. Here’s the short version:1. 2. 3.4.5.
How did states in Africa develop and change over time?
How and why did states develop in Africa and change over time? States in Africa developed through connections between Asia and Europe. The spread of Islam through trade routes connected to other countries expanded the diversity of Africa and the independence of communities.
Which of the following political developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth century?
The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most directly led to which of the following political developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth century? - The rise of Turkic States: Correct. The disintegration of the Abbasid state resulted in the emergence of numerous Islamic states controlled by Turkic peoples.
Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's conclusion about the importance of exotic goods to the Maya region's economy?
Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's conclusion about the importance of exotic goods to the Maya region's economy? Exotic goods were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands.
Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph of the inscription quizlet?
Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph of the inscription? Statues of Buddhist divine figures could spiritually benefit everyone.
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